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Ways to Decode Canine Communication with Humans

Humans tend to rely on verbal modes when communicating with each other. On the other hand, dogs communicate primarily via body language and secondarily through vocalizations. While having a dog whisperer would take the guesswork out of the situation, understanding inter-species communication is not as straightforward. Therefore, when deciphering what is being communicated, you must observe the entire dog (tail carriage/motion, facial expressions, body position, etc.) and the situation or context.

Looking for non-verbal cues:
Since dogs cannot vocalize their feelings, they may use the following non-verbal cues for our benefit:

Tail
Tail wagging is the most obvious sign to observe. However, it may not always mean the dog is happy, friendly, or excited. Remember to look for other cues to understand their mood. Here are some general tail motions that can help decipher how your dog is feeling:

  • A curled tail could be a relaxation, confidence, or dominance stance.
  • A straight, stiff tail generally signals that the dog is focused on an activity or tracking something.
  • A tucked or lowered tail is a sign of fear or submission.

Ears
Isn’t it adorable watching a dog’s ears perk up? Their ears are also an important part of communication! Perky ears are generally a sign of interest and focus, while floppy ears are a sign of submission. Ears pinned towards the back of the head could indicate that the dog is unhappy or uncomfortable.

Eyes
Just like humans, dogs also use their eyes to communicate. When receiving a belly rub or a pat, dogs close their eyes in pleasure or delight. Seeing the whites of a dog’s eyes indicates they are on high alert and want space. An unblinking dog may be taking an aggressive stance or just staring at you for attention. Remember to read the context before assuming what dogs are trying to communicate with you.

Mouth
You can tell the dog’s mood by looking at their mouths. Some dogs smile wide with their ears forward, relaxed eyes, and big open mouths with their tongues out when they are happy. When a dog bares their teeth, it may indicate they are unhappy, scared, or aggressive.

Dogs also use licking to convey emotions, including affection, submissiveness, excitement, and stress. Generally, licking their guardians or engaging in mutual grooming activities is a sign of affection and love. However, excessively licking themselves may be related to an underlying cause such as fleas, ticks, or allergies.

Understanding their language groups of communication

Here are the five most common groups of communication dogs may use:

Fear
Dogs react to fearful situations with their whole body. The intensity of these reactions may increase as the situation progresses. They may lick their lips or yawn even though they are not tired or hungry. Alternatively, they may keep their mouths tightly closed. Some dogs may also cower and tuck their tails between their legs. They may show signals similar to a panic attack in humans – they may shake, tremble, or avoid eye contact. In some dogs, fear may manifest as a lack of responsiveness; for instance, they may not eat food or treats or engage with people passing their kennel.

Experiencing fear or threat for a prolonged time may also compel some dogs to turn aggressive.

Arousal
Some dogs exhibit excitement and arousal as well. This may be because of age, confinement, lack of physical and mental outlets, or their personality. The most common behaviors of excited dogs are jumping, mounting, or mouthing. This response is often instigated when dogs see something they like – a person, a toy, or even another dog. For example, a dog with a soft, relaxed body and a wagging tail may jump up for attention when they see someone they like. They may also play-bow around something they like as a way of engaging.

You may also notice arousal behaviors around negative stimuli, such as an unwanted person, animal, or situation. Here, the excitement response is often coupled with the communication they commonly use for expressing fear, such as a burrowed tail or trembling.

Anxiety
Dogs show their anxiety by panting excessively, pacing, and lacking focus. They may also showcase similar traits as fearful dogs. Anxious dogs may also wag their tails slowly and move away from people. They may shed or drool heavily. Some anxious dogs may ‘shut down’ and stop showing any behaviors, while others may demonstrate arousal behaviors due to stress or anxiety. When living inside a kennel, an anxious dog may be constantly barking, pacing, circling the area, or jumping off the side walls.

Aggression
Aggressive behavior in dogs is generally triggered by a perceived threat, such as another dog, human, or situation. This is generally exhibited as a protective mechanism to convey that the dog will protect itself and its territory. Common aggressive body language in dogs includes stiffening or freezing of the body, wide eyes with a lot of white showing, tense mouth, curled lips, wrinkled nose, teeth showing, barking, growling, and air snapping.

Relaxation
Relaxed dogs are perhaps everyone’s favorites. Their mouths are relaxed and may slightly turn up at the corners to give the appearance of a smile. Their head and ears are neutral, and they have soft eyes. Their body is loose and stress-free, and their tail may wag back and forth or in a circular motion.

Pets are an important part of our lives. Whether we understand their non-verbal cues entirely or not, protecting them and keeping them safe is important. To do so, you can consider installing an in-ground fence (an underground or wired fence). With simple installation and no physical fence upkeep, these fences can help you establish a boundary for your pup and protect them from traffic, strangers, and other dangers outside your home!

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8 ways dental implants benefit seniors

Our bodies change considerably when we age. Some of these changes can include the state of our teeth (damaged, missing, or hurting). However, most of these issues can be resolved by consulting a dentist and receiving professional treatment. Dental implants for seniors are one treatment that can provide many benefits, from improving one’s oral health to boosting self-confidence with a brighter smile. This article explores eight advantages of dental implants for seniors.

How does a dental implant work?
A dental implant involves replacing a missing tooth or teeth in the mouth. An implant (replacement tooth root) is surgically inserted using a titanium post into the jawbone. This implant acts as a strong foundation for the new artificial tooth. The titanium fuses with the existing bone while creating a secure base, and this process may take a few weeks before abutment fixing.

Then, the dentist will securely attach an abutment (a metal piece that connects the implant and the new tooth). Upon this abutment sits the custom-made crown (artificial tooth) to the implant, completing the procedure.

Thus, patients can enjoy a permanent and durable teeth replacement that looks and functions just like a natural tooth through a dental implant process. If seniors have lost their teeth due to decay, as a side effect of other conditions, or merely due to age, the procedure can help restore their confidence and make several things easier for them.

Benefits of dental implants for seniors
A dental implant surgery helps seniors regain their ability to consume food without uneasiness, as the top benefit. The following is a list of benefits associated with dental implants for seniors.

Enhance the bone structure and facial profile
A senior citizen may experience skin sagging or shrinking. One of the main reasons for a sagging face is teeth loss since it causes the jawbone to shrink.

A dental implant can restore your jawbone’s strength and improve your facial appearance. After the treatment, you’ll have healthier-looking bones and enhanced facial features due to a full set of teeth.

  Improved speech and confidence
Teeth loss or removable dentures may impact an individual’s speech or ability to communicate clearly. Implants can make seniors converse more confidently by helping prevent slurring or speech difficulties. They facilitate better speech by fixing an immovable artificial tooth in place.

Long-term investment
Dental implants are a lifetime investment for seniors because they have a 90-95% success rate. The implant surgery is an ideal alternative for seniors with missing teeth and the inability to chew or bite food properly. Dental implants are also cost-effective because they prevent future dental issues (which may cost you time, effort, and money).

They are an investment worth considering if you want longevity and a feel of natural teeth. Implants appear and feel the same as regular teeth and can last long, making them a valuable financial decision in the long term.

Easy maintenance
Dental implants (permanent fixtures) in your mouth require extra care, such as diligent brushing and flossing. However, the benefits of dental implants far outweigh any extra effort spent on them. Additionally, taking care of implants is less troublesome than caring for dentures.

You may find maintaining dentures difficult because they require regular cleaning. You must take out the dentures at night, soak them, clean the gums, and look for sore spots before wearing them again. However, dental implants do not require such complicated maintenance.

Maintain adjacent teeth in place
Losing a tooth can have far-reaching effects, including shifting adjacent teeth into the newly created gap. This can disrupt an individual’s ability to bite and chew properly and alter their facial structure. Furthermore, it may even create lasting stress on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The pressure worsens body pain and headaches in the elderly who already suffer from them due to age-related wear and tear.

A dental implant helps keep adjacent teeth in place with the help of the titanium root’s stronghold.

Adaptability and customization
A dental implant is not one-size-fits-all. Your dentist will create a customized crown (or teeth) of the most appropriate size for your jawbone. The implant is made to replicate your missing tooth, which makes this process highly effective. Additionally, unlike dentures, implants cannot be detected easily in an open or closed mouth.

Prevents jaw loss
When you are missing a tooth, your jaw has to exert excessive force for everyday actions like biting, chewing, and speaking. This leads to gum and jawbone deterioration and, ultimately, jaw loss. Undergoing a dental implant affixes a permanent tooth replacement in place of your missing tooth, bringing the normal teeth structure back and preventing jaw loss.

Improved nutrition and meals
Seniors with dentures may have to restrict their food intake, consume only soft food items, or cut foods into very small bites before eating to put less pressure on the weak jaw. However, with dental implants, you do not have to follow such restrictions.

Additionally, your body’s nutrition may improve after getting dental implants. Your dentist may prescribe a meal plan post-surgery to keep you healthy and help you heal quickly. If you consumed unhealthy foods before the surgery, this plan might help you keep a check on your health.

Are dental implants safe for seniors?
Is there a minimum age for receiving dental implants? No. Will implants be as effective for seniors as they would for somebody younger? Yes.

The implants work just as effectively in the elderly, including those with reduced bone density. 

However, older patients heal from the surgery at a slightly slower rate than younger people. Elderly patients recover from the implants in about four months. That said, you must remember that all patients, regardless of age, may feel discomfort for 3-5 days after the implants are installed. The best solution is to take modest pain relievers to eliminate the discomfort.

In conclusion
All in all, dental implants are a great option for the elderly to replace missing teeth. They look and feel just like real teeth, making them virtually indistinguishable. Additionally, they provide superior stability compared to other tooth replacements, such as dentures and bridges. Dental implants can help improve oral health, improve the ability to speak and chew properly, make the appearance of a smile more natural-looking, and enhance self-confidence!

For these reasons, it’s no wonder why so many elderly people choose dental implants to replace their missing teeth. However, you must always consult your dentist regarding any queries about the procedure before opting for it.

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Modifying homes for people with poor vision

One of the top reasons for low vision and blindness in people over 55 is macular degeneration. Macular degeneration causes loss of vision due to damage to the macula in the retina of the eye. It can be difficult for people with this condition to live in inaccessible homes. So, to ensure ease of maneuverability for people with macular degeneration or similar conditions, here are 13 tips to make a home low-vision friendly.

Use clear and contrasting colors for walls
The key to making a low-vision-friendly home is using light and dark colors. Dark colors can be complex for those with low vision, but if used intelligently, it can make all the difference. The answer lies in how light reflects off certain surfaces. If you have a bright yellow wall with black trim around it, then any space adjacent to it will be illuminated by daylight coming through windows above them. Contrasting shades like white or black help keep things cooler by reflecting out more heat than they receive from direct sunlight.

Place essential items in your line of sight
Ensure that important items, such as mobility aids, phones, and other necessities, are within your line of sight and not obscured by something else in the room. Use a magnifying glass or lamp to help you see things.  Also, try placing things exactly where they need to be instead of trying for an open space like an empty shelf.

Create a unique work area for yourself
Make a unique work area for yourself that you are familiar with. Keep your work area well organized and clean, and make sure you have enough space to work comfortably. Also, note that you have enough light, especially if you are working on small pieces of paper or pictures that need to be read clearly.

Use good lighting
Good lighting is essential to a low-vision-friendly home. It allows you to see clearly and it reduces the glare, making it easier for your eyes to adjust. Use natural light in addition to artificial light; you should use both types of lighting throughout the day, especially if there are windows near where you spend most of your time. The best way to do this is by using lamps or ceiling lights that provide both types of illumination (such as fluorescent bulbs). Another tip is to combine incandescent bulbs with LED bulbs – They produce warm tones with more natural-looking light than CFLs or LEDs. However, they can be more expensive because they often require replacement after about ten years.

Use the correct font size for signage
When it comes to reading signage, font size is critical. It must be large enough to see clearly and understand what is on the sign without straining your eyes. Some fonts may need to be larger and bolder for one to read them without glasses or contacts. Use serif fonts like Arial or Times New Roman instead of sans serifs like Helvetica Neue or Georgia, and choose a larger font size than 12 points.

Label cabinets, cupboards, and drawers with braille labels
Label cabinets, cupboards, and drawers with braille labels. Braille labels are easy to read and inexpensive. They typically come in different sizes and colors to suit your needs.

Try talking devices to help you do things around the house
You can also consider voice-activated devices to help you do things around the house. For example, if you need to take a shower or do other household tasks with ease, it is essential that your device is easy to use and can provide clear audio feedback. Make sure the device has been approved by your doctor, and check out their website for more information on how they work.

Put up rubber mats in a bathtub or shower
If you have low vision, it is vital to put up rubber mats in the bathroom and kitchen, basically any area with the risk of a slippery floor. To be twice as cautious, place anti-skid mats in your entrance way too.

Install cane-detectable barriers at staircases
You can install cane-detectable barriers at the top and bottom of your stairs to make sure that people who use canes know where they are. Cane-detectable barriers are usually made of plastic, so they will not damage floors or walls if they fall.

Avoid clutter in an open area or room
Clutter can make it difficult to find things. This will make life more challenging for those with advanced macular degeneration or other low-vision issues. Also, any clutter can be dangerous for those who walk around with their eyes closed—people who are visually impaired may not realize something is in front of them until they bump into it head-on. This may lead to further issues like bruises, sprains, or even a concussion.

Opt for contrasting colors and textures whenever possible
Rather than picking a monochromatic scheme for your rooms, opt for contrasting colors and textures that can help you differentiate between things. If your furniture is dark-colored, pick a light color for the wall. If you have chosen a smooth finish for your cupboards and cabinets, pick a textured wall or large accent pieces. These tips will give you a better look at things and make them easier to see. You can also ensure that any small appliances and electronics are bright colored if the shelves are dark and vice versa.

Having a guide dog or pet
Dogs are a great help for people with low vision. They can help you find things quickly, get around the house, and communicate with others. Guide dogs can be trained to do many things, such as finding items, walking on a leash or leading you through your home, and turning lights on and off.

Prepare for emergencies
As an individual with macular degeneration and related issues, it is crucial to build a network of people who can come to your aid if needed. Get to know your neighbors and have a plan in place for what to do in case of an emergency. Keep an emergency first aid kit at home, with extra supplies such as bandages, gauze pads, and tweezers on hand, and be sure you have the address of your closest hospital handy. Also, keep a list of essential phone numbers convenient (like 911) and names and contact information for people who can help in an emergency—friends or family members who live nearby!

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Top 5 Office Laptops Working Professionals Must Check Out

Remote work has allowed employers, employees, and freelancers to work from anywhere with the help of a laptop. However, to carry out work without hassles, one should invest in a compact device with decent specifications. You must buy a laptop that suits your budget, is durable, and runs an OS you are comfortable with. To help you with a purchasing decision, here are seven laptop models that are suitable for various types of working professionals.

Best for MacOS users – Macbook Air M2

If you have the budget, want a lightweight laptop with a compact form factor, and prefer MacOS, consider the Macbook Air M2. The laptop is available at a starting price of $1100, which includes 8GB of memory and 256GB of storage. The laptop also comes with the Apple M2 chip, which includes an 8-core CPU and 8-core GPU. If you need a variant with more storage, go for the 512GB option, which is available at $1400. Either of these setups will give you enough power to complete daily tasks efficiently. Speaking of design, the Macbook Air M2 is an absolute head-turner wherever you use it. The 13.6-inch IPS display could enable you to enjoy content wherever you go. Furthermore, the laptop can give you up to 18 hours of Apple TV app movie playback on a single charge and up to 15 hours of wireless web usage. You also get a 1080p FaceTime HD camera that is suitable for work-related video conferences. If you use the device outdoors in sunlight, the display can go up to 500 nits, which should help improve visibility by a decent margin. Shop for this lightweight yet powerful machine on Apple’s official website.

Top overall for Windows OS users – Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon Gen 10 14-inch

Lenovo is famous for creating laptops for various industries, including for those who wish to carry out work-oriented tasks. The laptop features a 14-inch screen, making it ultraportable for users who are always on the move. Furthermore, the device is powered by the standard 12th Generation Intel® Core™ i5 processor. You could even pay an additional amount for a more powerful processor. The device includes a Windows 11 Home operating system, with 8 GB or 16GB of available RAM. As for the display, the base variant comes with a 14-inch IPS Anti-Glare display that makes it ideal for creating documents, spreadsheets, and reading PDF files. However, the electronic device packs enough juice to run slightly heavier applications or several tabs with minimal latency. The base model is available at a sale price of $1,320, instead of its original retail price of about $2,4000, and is available on Lenovo’s website.

Top pick for creators – 16-inch MacBook Pro

Another laptop from Apple that you should consider, especially if you create content, is the 16-inch MacBook Pro. The big screen will ensure you view videos and pictures with better colors and clarity. The base variant also comes with 16GB of RAM and is configurable up to 32GB, while the M2 MAX version can handle up to 96GB of RAM. You also get up to 512GB of SSD storage on the standard 16-inch Macbook Pro. The storage is also configurable, up to 8TB for those looking to store bigger files without rummaging for space, especially when they are on the move. Other bells and whistles included with the MacBook Pro are a six-speaker sound system with force-canceling woofers and HDMI digital video output support for one display with up to 8K resolution at 60Hz (4K resolution at 240Hz). There is also a 1080p FaceTime HD camera. You could pick the base model for about $2500, which comes with the Apple M2 Pro chip, or choose the Apple M2 Max chip starting at $3,100 for maximum performance. You can find the laptop on Apple’s official website.

Popular budget device – Acer Aspire 5 Notebook (A514-54-395V)

If you are interested in a budget-oriented laptop for work, the Aspire 5 Notebook is an ideal choice. The device has a Windows 11 Home OS installed, Intel® Core™ i3 11th-Gen processor, and 8GB of onboard RAM. The setup may allow you to take up and complete daily tasks such as typing documents, conducting research, and running a few tabs with ease. Apart from using the 14-inch screen for work purposes, you could also use it to enjoy streaming content. The device also features a battery that can last up to 10 hours (based on your usage) which is suitable for those who are on the move and do not always have access to a charging dock. The price of the Acer Aspire 5 Notebook is about $490 on the brand’s website. For the price, it also includes 256GB of SSD storage and a webcam.

Top 2-in-1 Chromebook – HP Elite Dragonfly 13.5 inch Chromebook (6K058UT#ABA)

ChromeOS enthusiasts who want a decent, 2-in-1 laptop for work should consider this option from HP. The Elite Dragonfly Chromebook is available for a sale price of $1,370 on the brand’s website, which is $150 lower than its retail price. The device also features good specifications, which include 8GB of memory, 128GB of SSD storage, and Intel®️ Core™️ i5 chipset. Furthermore, the device features a 13.5-inch display that is also touch-enabled, making navigating websites and opening pages much quicker. The touch display also means that you can fold the device and use it as a tablet when you are on the move. The screen can also render 2K content, which means you could use it to watch high-quality streaming content when you take some time off from work. You also get a 5MP camera to help take work-related video calls when you are at home or on the move.

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13 tips for better eczema management

Are you struggling with eczema flare-ups? Do the dry, itchy patches on your skin keep you from living an active lifestyle? Skin diseases and conditions like eczema can be uncomfortable and often embarrassing, but there are ways to manage the symptoms. This article will share some simple strategies for minimizing discomfort and living life to its fullest despite having eczema. Read on to learn more about managing your daily skincare routine and other helpful tips.

Common symptoms of eczema
Tiny bumps on the skin
Dry and scaly skin
Itchy rashes
Dark under eyes
Redness and swollen skin

Lifestyle changes that can alleviate eczema symptoms
While nothing can eliminate the symptoms of skin diseases like atopic dermatitis (AD) or eczema, they can be alleviated to a certain extent. Dermatologists propose the following simple changes to improve the situation:

Take lukewarm showers with mild soaps
Short, rapid showers with unscented soaps and moisturizing twice daily immediately after the shower might be enough for mild cases of eczema. Gentle soaps are recommended while taking a bath or washing hands in the kitchen. Use products without alcohol, retinoids, or alpha-hydroxy acids (AHA), as they prevent skin dehydration. Additionally, avoid artificial fragrances because they include chemicals that can irritate the skin.

Consider taking a disinfecting bath
Due to their susceptibility to infections, people with skin diseases like eczema may benefit from bleach baths that mimic those in a chlorinated pool. Add a half cap of bleach to the water once or twice a week and soak for 10 minutes. A cup of vinegar added to a full tub of water may help the bactericidal effect (of killing bacteria) on the skin without causing harm.

However, according to the National Eczema Association, anybody with bleach sensitivity or allergic asthma should consult their doctor before doing this.

Moisturize the skin properly
Moisturize the skin after showering and whenever it feels dry. Well-hydrated skin is less vulnerable to irritants and bacteria that can get through the lipid barrier when dehydrated. Instead of a lotion, try a fragrance-free cream or ointment to avoid skin irritation.

Opt for fragrance-free skincare
If one suffers from eczema or related skin diseases, it’s important to watch out for artificial fragrances in skin care products. Don’t be fooled by claims of “unscented” – this often indicates that the aroma has been masked and could still cause an allergic reaction. Opt instead for completely fragrance-free items.

Consider patch tests of skincare products
All skincare products should be tested before use. Besides fragrances, some skincare chemicals like ethanol and lanolin might aggravate skin diseases like eczema. Applying a new skincare product to the inside of the arm for 7–10 days will help a person test it out. However, one can continue using the product when one’s skin shows no adverse reactions.

Find out what causes eczema
Knowing the causes of eczema flares and how to stay clear of these triggers is essential. From regular fabrics to certain temperatures – anything can be a potential source that may lead to an outbreak. Awareness of what brings on symptoms will support a person in keeping flare-ups under control.

Dress comfortably in 100% cotton
Loosen up the wardrobe to keep the irritation from eczema at bay. Opt for loosely fitted garments made with cotton, which helps air circulate better, keeping skin feeling healthy. When it comes to work attire, loosening a top button or two can provide much-needed relief without compromising style. Remember to opt for more comfortable shorts and underwear.

Put on gloves and go to bed
Suffering from dry, itchy hands due to a skin disease like eczema? Take proactive steps to soothe the skin before bed by soaking hands in warm water and applying a fragrance-free hydrating cream or ointment. Slip on some cotton gloves after application to help lock in moisture while sleeping.

Choosing the appropriate bedding
Choose bedding made from cotton, silk, or bamboo to help regulate body temperature and keep the skin feeling soft. Thread count plays an important role – the higher it is, the softer it’ll remain over time. However, lower thread counts can become rough if not washed correctly. Whether one opts for cotton sheets or indulgent silks, follow washing instructions properly.

Apply natural oils
Eczema-related blisters or exposed skin can lead to infection. Natural oils, such as coconut oil and sunflower oil, are known for their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory characteristics, which can help a person avoid infections. Furthermore, they are natural moisturizers that help soothe the skin.

Observe the eczema treatment regimen
Consulting a dermatologist to develop a treatment plan is crucial whether one experiences occasional flare-ups or persistent eczema. One can also consult an allergist to identify the causes of the skin disease. Discuss alternative treatment options with the dermatologist in case of any side effects.

Ensure sufficient Vitamin D levels
According to research, children and adolescents with eczema or related skin diseases are more prone to having low levels of Vitamin D. Besides increasing sun exposure, one should consume vitamin D-rich foods like sardines, eggs, and salmon.

Discover ways to relax
Stress often manifests in poor personal hygiene, lack of a nutritious meal plan, and lack of sound sleep. These may directly impact the skin and aggravate eczema. Make time every day to unwind, even if only for a few minutes. Invest time in meditation, take a walk, or listen to calming music or a funny podcast to distract yourself from stress.

Wrapping Up
Skin diseases and conditions like eczema may be irritating, but there are various ways to protect the skin and manage flare-ups. Use an eczema-friendly moisturizer, avoid recognized irritants, protect the skin from wind, cold, and pool water, and adhere to the treatment plan. If one is still dealing with eczema or related skin diseases after trying some of these remedies, it is best to consult a dermatologist about different ways to treat outbreaks.

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8 warning signs of Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease is a severe brain disorder that may result in symptoms that are not noticeable in its early stages. However, the progressive disorder eventually damages the nervous system and various parts of the body controlled by the nerves. And while one could look for treatments to manage the disease, it isn’t easy to tell if someone has Parkinson’s disease because its symptoms may be similar to other health conditions.
Here are eight signs that require the immediate attention of a healthcare expert.

Loss of smell
The loss of smell is usually associated with the onset of Parkinson’s disease. The individual might have trouble smelling foods like dill pickles, licorice, and bananas. The loss of smell (hyposmia) may result in reduced food satisfaction, which may degrade one’s appetite. It can lead to a reduced enjoyment of food and appetite. There are also other health conditions why one may lose their sense of smell, including a stuffy nose, cold, and flu. The individual may be able to smell foods once again when they get better. However, if the condition occurs suddenly, one should consult an expert for signs of Parkinson’s disease.

Constipation
The foods one eats may play a major role in overall health, especially in the gastrointestinal system. Therefore, eating unhealthy meals could result in digestive complications, including constipation. For example, insufficient water intake or fiber in a meal could lead to poor bowel movements. Even ongoing prescriptions may trigger constipation. However, according to experts, the symptom is also an early warning sign of Parkinson’s disease. The changes in the brain that cause stiffness and slow movement also affect the muscles involved in swallowing and pushing food through the digestive system. So someone with Parkinson’s disease may develop constipation because of the improper functioning of the autonomic nervous system, which is responsible for regulating smooth muscle activity of the gut. The disease may also alter the messages sent by the brain to the bladder, which could result in an overactive bladder. Therefore, the individual may need to urinate even when their bladder is empty or even experience urinary incontinence.

Stooped posture
Parkinson’s disease may affect one’s automatic activities. So an individual at risk of Parkinson’s may notice changes in their posture because the brain does not send signals indicating that they must stand up straight. A few changes may include rounded or stooped shoulders, forward lean of the head, and reduced low-back curve, which causes one to hunch over.

Tremors
A shaking or tremor in the finger, thumb, chin, or hand is normal after strenuous exercise or an ongoing prescription. It could also happen if the individual suffers from an injury. However, if one experiences none of these signs and still notices a tremor, it could be an early sign of Parkinson’s disease. The typical PD tremor occurs when the body is at rest (resting tremor), and the symptom may reduce when the body is actively in use or when the person sleeps. However, it may recur when the person is awake and does not indulge in any activity.

Tiny handwriting
Everyone has a writing style that may differ slightly with time. This may usually occur as the person gets older, has poor vision, or if they have stiff hands or fingers. But if an individual’s handwriting becomes small and out of the ordinary, it could indicate the onset of Parkinson’s disease. The condition is known as micrographia. Apart from handwriting being small and crowded together, the size of the writing may get smaller as the person continues to write. Such symptoms must be diagnosed by an expert immediately for that the individual can get on an appropriate treatment plan for PD.

Trouble falling asleep
Most people have trouble falling asleep because of factors such as stress, excitement, or an ongoing illness. One may also experience quick jerks of the body when they are about to fall asleep or in lighter sleep. But this could also be an early indicator of Parkinson’s disease. The person may start acting out in their dreams, even in a deep sleep. And while they might not notice it, sleep troubles are usually identified by someone who lives with the patient. Therefore, any such signs should be diagnosed by an expert. The person with Parkinson’s may also undergo excessive daytime sleepiness, an inverted sleep cycle where they nap during the day, which makes it harder to sleep at night.

Difficulty with moving or walking
One of the early warning signs of Parkinson’s disease could be difficulty moving or walking. The phenomenon could occur due to stiffness of the body, arms, and legs. The individual may find that these body parts do not swing as they used to. While the stiffness usually recedes, it might be chronic in those with Parkinson’s disease. An early sign one should look for is stiffness or pain in the shoulder or hips. Some may also notice that their feet are stuck to the floor. It is easy for one to overlook the symptom, as it is similar to that of arthritis. They may also need help controlling their movements, including starting and stopping, automatically controlling muscles, and find it difficult to go from sitting to standing easily.

A masked face
Some prescriptions could change an individual’s facial expression. Therefore, someone on a treatment plan may have a serious look or a staring persona. This side effect usually goes away after the prescription wears off. However, if one always has a depressed, serious facial expression, they ought to consult with a doctor for signs of Parkinson’s disease. Facial masking (hypomimia) could occur due to alterations in the facial muscles due to irregularities in the brain. As a result, the muscles turn stiff and may take longer to move, making it challenging to raise eyebrows, smile, and express one’s feelings. Other similar symptoms may include a low voice when one speaks, making it difficult for others to interpret the patient’s mood.