Today, we use the internet for almost everything: shopping, paying bills, communicating with friends, watching movies, gaming, and work. It would not be an overstatement to say that we use the internet just as much as we use oxygen. But while technology has made our lives easier, it has also increased the risk of cyber threats. Therefore, you must use the internet responsibly and take the steps necessary to prevent untoward incidents.

Ways to prevent cyber attacks
The following are a few tips to prevent cyber attacks and stay safe in the digital world:

Do not fall for phishing scams
Have you ever received an email or message saying you won a reward and asking for personal information to claim it? Such messages could contain dangerous viruses, and clicking on them could steal your data. A quick fix to such phishing scams is to avoid opening emails you are unsure about. If you do not recognize the email ID, delete the mail straight away. Also, remember to clean your trash folder periodically. If you own a small business, you could sign up for cyber security services like CrowdStrike’s endpoint software. The platform can protect every computer on your network from scams and malware in real time.

Set strong passwords
Setting passwords can be tricky. Most people set short passwords that are easy to remember and reuse them for multiple accounts. This makes it effortless for hackers to guess the password and simultaneously break into all your accounts. So, create a unique password for every profile, preferably using a combination of letters, numbers, and special characters. If you think you will forget them, maintain an offline record. Do not write them online or store them on your computer.

Enable 2FA
As mentioned, you are making things easy for a seasoned hacker by using the same passwords everywhere. Accessing one account will allow them to “daisy chain” into another. If you still want to use the same password, enable 2FA (two-factor authentication). After doing so, you will have to enter one more form of identification besides a password to access your account, such as a PIN sent to your cell phone. Though it adds a few extra steps and takes more effort, it can prevent a hacker from accessing your profiles.

Be prompt with updates
If you are someone who always clicks “remind me later” on update notifications, it is time to break this habit. Browser updates typically fix flaws of their previous versions, patch security vulnerabilities, and improve existing features or add new ones. The latest version is usually safer and easier to use. So, do not delay updating your software when you have the opportunity.

Use social media cautiously
Many people are guilty of using social media the way they behave in the real world. Some are naturally chatty and love talking about themselves. But when this habit translates online, it invites many dangers. When you talk about yourself a lot and find someone who does the same online, you tend to trust them. Unfortunately, this is how many fall for scams, lose money, buy damaged products, or get preyed on in other ways. So, deal with people online a little skeptically.

Shop safely
As more and more businesses go online, the number of unreliable websites appears to be increasing. So, check the URL of web pages thoroughly. If discounts and offers seem too good to be true, they probably are not. Also, never save your bank details on any website. If your internet account is hacked, the hacker gets access not just to your account but also to your money. Use safe websites from brands you know or ask others for recommendations. Online reviews can also be fake, so ask reliable sources for advice.

Do not use unsafe flash drives
Backing up your files is essential, but where you back them up also matters. An external flash drive can be filled with malware that can affect your entire network of devices and steal almost all their data. Always use your own flash drive or one that belongs to someone you trust. If it is not your device, it is best not to use it. If you have no choice, install antivirus software before using risky drives to prevent a cyber attack.

Browsing mistakes to avoid
The following are a few mistakes to avoid when using the web browser to prevent a cyber attack:

Browsing with free Wi-Fi
Your local library or cafe’s free Wi-Fi is just as tempting to a hacker as it is to you. Public Wi-Fi networks can be an attractive hotspot for hackers to upload malware, and as you join it, their software can gain access to your passwords and other data on your device. So, avoid the mistake of joining public Wi-Fi. Even if you do, do not pay bills or check your tax returns while connected. The home is where the internet is safe and where you can access any account or website.

Opening multiple tabs
If you usually multi-task to complete work projects, you probably open several browser tabs. Sometimes, a site may catch your eye, so you may leave it open for later and create a new tab as you do not have time for it. Browser performance suffers when you open multiple tabs, increasing the risk of vulnerabilities. It is best to bookmark pages and open them later or spend a few minutes to finish the job instantly. You can send the link to a friend and talk about it instead of suffering from low browser performance.

Enabling all cookies
Cookies are tiny files stored on your browser. These files are usually harmless and are meant to improve the browsing experience. However, some websites can use them to track your web behavior. So, allow cookies only from the websites you trust.

While almost everyone knows the dangers of the internet and the mistakes one could make, they adopt a complacent approach to browsing and believe that none of the catastrophes could affect them. One should avoid this attitude and take the necessary steps to stay safe online. Remember, it is better to be safe than sorry.

After the COVID-19 pandemic began, people have started taking nasal congestion more seriously, and maintaining good health has become more of a priority to many. But it is important not to let this vigilance translate to frequent visits to the doctors. Instead, one must equip oneself with effective home remedies and develop healthy eating habits. The following are 5 remedies for cold and flu and 5 foods that will help relieve nasal congestion.

Home remedies for cold, flu, and nasal congestion
Taking a hot shower
The most obvious remedy for colds is a hot shower. Even without the flu, a warm burst of water can majorly relieve nasal congestion. Apart from washing away tiredness, inhaling the steam relieves pain and reduces pressure in the sinus, allowing a person to breathe easily for a while. If one is too tired for a hot water shower, one can use an electric facial steamer, which is more convenient. One could use a towel to cover one’s head and the steamer to increase the vapor’s concentration. 

Investing in a humidifier
Most flu-causing viruses thrive in cold, dry environments. And humid air helps soothe irritated nasal tissue. Hence, nasal inflammation can be reduced by using a humidifier or cool-mist vaporizer. Humid air also thins mucus in the sinuses and allows them to drain quickly. This health remedy is beneficial when the air is more dry in the winter season. A similar effect is produced when one takes a long hot water bath. Ensure to regularly change the water in the bathtub or humidifier to prevent fungi and mold from growing. The effects can further be stimulated by adding essential oils like eucalyptus. 

Menthol
Congested airways often dissolve when brought into close contact with menthol. Menthol is a compound from mint plants and contains antibacterial and pain-relieving capacities. Many vapor rubs contain this ingredient, and one can also use menthol essence in a humidifier. Menthol inhalation reduces coughing that is caused by environmental irritants and is effective in clearing congested sinuses. Menthol, eucalyptus, and camphor can all help improve sleep as well. 

Sleeping right
Nasal congestion often worsens at night, and thus sleeping well becomes difficult. Elevating the head can help reduce nasal congestion, so sleep with an extra pillow under the head/neck. Though it might seem like an awkward position, it can help a person sleep better, at least temporarily. Due to gravity, the mucus tends to pool or back up and not drain when one lies flat. Adding a cool-mist vaporizer to the bedroom can help thin the mucus and relieve blocked sinuses. 

Getting enough rest 
A cold or flu exhausts a person, and it is interesting to know that it is not the pathogen but rather one’s immune system that makes one tired. However, when one understands this, it is a short leap to say that rest can help one’s body gain energy to fight off the infection. Take at least a day off work and relax with a television series or soothing music. Remember to pile on the blankets and stay cozy. One can also try a warm compress to help loosen the mucus in the sinuses and breathe easier. 

Trying garlic
Despite its pungent smell, garlic is good to get used to for its cold-fighting capabilities. It contains a compound called allicin that has antimicrobial properties, which can reduce the severity of flu and cold symptoms. It is easy to incorporate into one’s daily meal plan as it is a perfect ingredient for various raw, roasted, pureed dishes, etc. Additionally, garlic also helps to improve heart health. 

Trying honey
Honey is one of the best sweeteners with a variety of antimicrobial properties. It allows the body to fight pathogens related to colds and flu. It is good to have honey to prevent it even before one develops a cold. And it is also beneficial when one does not have a cold to promote overall health and improve immunity. Stir a spoonful of honey into a cup of warm water or tea for extra flavor or to soothe the throat. The warm water also helps loosen mucus and relieve nasal congestion. 

Having chicken soup
Chicken soup is hailed as a cure-all in several households. Chicken soup provides relief when one has cold, flu or nasal congestion. When hygienically prepared at home, this hot soup, rich in nutrients, helps relieve a sore throat and stimulates nasal clearance. The protein from the chicken and vegetables provides energy to recover faster. Chicken soup has the ability to slow down the white blood cells so that they can concentrate in areas of the body that need to be healed. Adding in wholesome vegetables can also help a person regain strength faster. Low-sodium chicken soup is also a great choice to keep a person hydrated and nourished. 

Keeping the body hydrated
The body loses a lot of water when a person gets a flu or cold. Hence, it is important to consume fluids to keep the body hydrated. Gargling with warm water and salt can help remove pathogens in the throat. Adding astringents to the mix can also help reduce the irritation in the throat. It is best to drink steaming hot liquids to soothe the inflamed membranes in the nose and throat. Hot herbal tea or honey can be mixed in warm water to soothe the nose and throat. Do not drink scalding water since it can further worsen the symptoms. 

Having ginger
Ginger is another spice that is perfect for clearing nasal congestion. One can chew a few thin slices of fresh ginger or boil some pieces in water as tea to soothe the throat. It also helps relieve other health conditions’ symptoms. Additionally, ginger can reduce the nausea that accompanies the flu. Fresh ginger has anti-inflammatory properties and can boost immunity and restore health faster. 

Are you struggling with eczema flare-ups? Do the dry, itchy patches on your skin keep you from living an active lifestyle? Skin diseases and conditions like eczema can be uncomfortable and often embarrassing, but there are ways to manage the symptoms. This article will share some simple strategies for minimizing discomfort and living life to its fullest despite having eczema. Read on to learn more about managing your daily skincare routine and other helpful tips.

Common symptoms of eczema
Tiny bumps on the skin
Dry and scaly skin
Itchy rashes
Dark under eyes
Redness and swollen skin

Lifestyle changes that can alleviate eczema symptoms
While nothing can eliminate the symptoms of skin diseases like atopic dermatitis (AD) or eczema, they can be alleviated to a certain extent. Dermatologists propose the following simple changes to improve the situation:

Take lukewarm showers with mild soaps
Short, rapid showers with unscented soaps and moisturizing twice daily immediately after the shower might be enough for mild cases of eczema. Gentle soaps are recommended while taking a bath or washing hands in the kitchen. Use products without alcohol, retinoids, or alpha-hydroxy acids (AHA), as they prevent skin dehydration. Additionally, avoid artificial fragrances because they include chemicals that can irritate the skin.

Consider taking a disinfecting bath
Due to their susceptibility to infections, people with skin diseases like eczema may benefit from bleach baths that mimic those in a chlorinated pool. Add a half cap of bleach to the water once or twice a week and soak for 10 minutes. A cup of vinegar added to a full tub of water may help the bactericidal effect (of killing bacteria) on the skin without causing harm.

However, according to the National Eczema Association, anybody with bleach sensitivity or allergic asthma should consult their doctor before doing this.

Moisturize the skin properly
Moisturize the skin after showering and whenever it feels dry. Well-hydrated skin is less vulnerable to irritants and bacteria that can get through the lipid barrier when dehydrated. Instead of a lotion, try a fragrance-free cream or ointment to avoid skin irritation.

Opt for fragrance-free skincare
If one suffers from eczema or related skin diseases, it’s important to watch out for artificial fragrances in skin care products. Don’t be fooled by claims of “unscented” – this often indicates that the aroma has been masked and could still cause an allergic reaction. Opt instead for completely fragrance-free items.

Consider patch tests of skincare products
All skincare products should be tested before use. Besides fragrances, some skincare chemicals like ethanol and lanolin might aggravate skin diseases like eczema. Applying a new skincare product to the inside of the arm for 7–10 days will help a person test it out. However, one can continue using the product when one’s skin shows no adverse reactions.

Find out what causes eczema
Knowing the causes of eczema flares and how to stay clear of these triggers is essential. From regular fabrics to certain temperatures – anything can be a potential source that may lead to an outbreak. Awareness of what brings on symptoms will support a person in keeping flare-ups under control.

Dress comfortably in 100% cotton
Loosen up the wardrobe to keep the irritation from eczema at bay. Opt for loosely fitted garments made with cotton, which helps air circulate better, keeping skin feeling healthy. When it comes to work attire, loosening a top button or two can provide much-needed relief without compromising style. Remember to opt for more comfortable shorts and underwear.

Put on gloves and go to bed
Suffering from dry, itchy hands due to a skin disease like eczema? Take proactive steps to soothe the skin before bed by soaking hands in warm water and applying a fragrance-free hydrating cream or ointment. Slip on some cotton gloves after application to help lock in moisture while sleeping.

Choosing the appropriate bedding
Choose bedding made from cotton, silk, or bamboo to help regulate body temperature and keep the skin feeling soft. Thread count plays an important role – the higher it is, the softer it’ll remain over time. However, lower thread counts can become rough if not washed correctly. Whether one opts for cotton sheets or indulgent silks, follow washing instructions properly.

Apply natural oils
Eczema-related blisters or exposed skin can lead to infection. Natural oils, such as coconut oil and sunflower oil, are known for their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory characteristics, which can help a person avoid infections. Furthermore, they are natural moisturizers that help soothe the skin.

Observe the eczema treatment regimen
Consulting a dermatologist to develop a treatment plan is crucial whether one experiences occasional flare-ups or persistent eczema. One can also consult an allergist to identify the causes of the skin disease. Discuss alternative treatment options with the dermatologist in case of any side effects.

Ensure sufficient Vitamin D levels
According to research, children and adolescents with eczema or related skin diseases are more prone to having low levels of Vitamin D. Besides increasing sun exposure, one should consume vitamin D-rich foods like sardines, eggs, and salmon.

Discover ways to relax
Stress often manifests in poor personal hygiene, lack of a nutritious meal plan, and lack of sound sleep. These may directly impact the skin and aggravate eczema. Make time every day to unwind, even if only for a few minutes. Invest time in meditation, take a walk, or listen to calming music or a funny podcast to distract yourself from stress.

Wrapping Up
Skin diseases and conditions like eczema may be irritating, but there are various ways to protect the skin and manage flare-ups. Use an eczema-friendly moisturizer, avoid recognized irritants, protect the skin from wind, cold, and pool water, and adhere to the treatment plan. If one is still dealing with eczema or related skin diseases after trying some of these remedies, it is best to consult a dermatologist about different ways to treat outbreaks.

The pancreas is a vital organ that controls blood sugar levels and aids digestion. When cells in the pancreas begin to mutate and multiply, they form a tumor. Generally, these growths generate in the ducts of the pancreas, and the cancerous growth that begins in the pancreas is termed pancreatic cancer. Early stages of pancreatic cancer may be undetectable in imaging tests. This form of cancer is also known for being resistant to several treatments.

What are the types of pancreatic cancer?
There are two major types of pancreatic cancer:

Exocrine tumors
Over 90% of pancreatic tumors are exocrine tumors, which develop from the exocrine cells in the pancreas. These include adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenosquamous cell carcinoma, and colloid carcinoma.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs)
Also known as Islet Cell Carcinoma, these tumors are less common and develop in the endocrine gland of the pancreas. The endocrine gland secures insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels.

What are the signs and symptoms of pancreatic cancer?
Pancreatic cancer often goes undiagnosed until it spreads to the other organs (reaches the metastasis stage). Being vigilant and regularly checking for the following signs and symptoms of pancreatic cancer can help receive an early diagnosis and manage the condition better:

Stomach and back pain
A dull pain in the upper abdomen and the middle or upper back is a common sign of pancreatic cancer. It generally occurs because the tumor in the pancreas begins to put pressure on the stomach or the spine. For some people, this pain may worsen when lying down but alleviates when leaning forward. However, since abdominal pain can differ from person-to-person and have several underlying causes, one must discuss all their symptoms with their doctor.

Jaundice
When the amount of bilirubin in the body increases, it could lead to jaundice. With pancreatic cancer, this condition is often painless and occurs when the tumor at the head of the pancreas blocks the bile duct. Common symptoms of jaundice include yellowing of the skin and eyes, dark urine, pale, greasy stools, and itchy skin (pruritus).

Gastrointestinal problems
The growing tumor begins to press on parts of the digestive system. This could lead to gastrointestinal problems such as loss of appetite, nausea, indigestion, vomiting, bloating, or abdominal swelling.

Fatigue
Unexplained and extreme tiredness or fatigue may also be a sign of pancreatic cancer. However, it can also be associated with several other health conditions, so it is best to consult a doctor for a proper diagnosis.

New-onset diabetes
An early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer often occurs during tests for other conditions, such as diabetes. For some people, pancreatic cancer may trigger sudden onset diabetes, as it can destroy insulin-making cells, thereby increasing blood sugar levels. Those experiencing a sudden onset of diabetes must always be evaluated for pancreatic cancer.

If a healthcare provider suspects pancreatic cancer, they may prescribe imaging tests such as computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and endoscopic ultrasounds (EUS). Doctors may also prescribe a pancreas blood test, staging laparoscopy, or genetic testing.

Most healthcare providers do not perform routine screenings for pancreatic cancer. However, those with an immediate family history of pancreatic cancer must speak with their doctor regarding their risk levels and monitoring, screening, and imaging tests to detect the condition early.

What treatment options are available for pancreatic cancer?
Depending on the location of the tumor, its stage of advancement, and one’s overall health, doctors may recommend one of the following courses of action for treating or managing pancreatic cancer:

Surgery
The only ‘cure’ for pancreatic cancer is surgery. However, doctors only advise this line of treatment when they believe the entire tumor can be removed. Depending on the location and size of the tumor, surgeons may use techniques such as:

Whipple procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy)
This technique may be used if the tumor is located at the head of the pancreas. During the Whipple procedure, the surgeon will remove the head of the pancreas, the duodenum, the gallbladder, a portion of the bile duct, and some surrounding lymph nodes. The remaining bile duct and pancreas are then reattached to the small intestine to complete the digestive tract.

Distal pancreatectomy
A distal pancreatectomy may be recommended for tumors that affect the tail of the pancreas. Here, the surgeon will remove a part of the pancreas and may also remove the spleen.

Total pancreatectomy
A total pancreatectomy may be necessary if the cancer has spread throughout the pancreas. Here, the entire pancreas is removed. While it is possible to live without a pancreas, it may cause significant side effects, such as diabetes and digestive issues.

Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is used to kill cancer cells. It may be advised as a standalone treatment for people with advanced pancreatic cancer or recommended before surgery to reduce the tumor and kill active cancer cells.

Radiotherapy
In this treatment procedure, high-frequency X-rays are used to kill cancer cells. It is often administered in combination with chemotherapy, also known as chemoradiation. It may be recommended before or after surgery. It may also be a part of the primary treatment for those with advanced pancreatic cancer who do not qualify for surgery, as it can help ease symptoms.

Targeted Therapy
This treatment targets proteins that control the growth and spread of cancer cells. Targeted therapy may be used in combination with other treatment options.

Pain management
Pancreatic cancer can cause immense pain when it spreads to the surrounding nerves. Doctors may recommend treatment options to alleviate it and ease the symptoms.

Unfortunately, one cannot prevent pancreatic cancer. However, adopting healthy lifestyle habits can help prevent its onset and spread. Eating fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, reducing the intake of red meat, sugary drinks, and processed foods, and exercising regularly can make a considerable difference. Moreover, limiting exposure to harmful chemicals such as asbestos, pesticides, and petrochemicals can also help lower the risk of pancreatic cancer.

Are you constantly driven to scratch your skin due to an annoying itch? Do you feel helpless against the urge no matter how much lotion or cream you apply? Itchy skin can be incredibly irritating, but fortunately, it’s also a widespread problem, often associated with skin diseases. In this blog post, we look at some of the most common triggers that cause itchy skin and the steps to minimize them to alleviate the symptoms.

Eight common triggers of itchy skin

Excessive sun exposure
Excessive sun exposure can cause the skin to become itchy and inflamed due to the higher amounts of UV radiation. Those with susceptible skin may find that small doses of sunshine are uncomfortable and lead to breakouts, itching, and a prickly sensation. Not only is this bothersome, but it can also be potentially dangerous since people may be more likely to scratch or rub at the affected area and further damage their skin.
Many studies have found cancer patients complaining of itchy skin after radiation therapy using UVR. Hence, the studies conclude that UV rays from sunlight cause itchy skin. Therefore, it is advised to use antihistamines, sunscreens, and emollient creams.
To reduce itchy skin from sun exposure, one should use sunscreen with high SPF protection and limit their time outside when possible. Additionally, topical ointments or wipes may temporarily relieve sun-exposed skin irritations or diseases.

Age
Itchy skin and certain skin diseases like eczema can be annoying and uncomfortable, but it is even more common with age. As you age, your skin undergoes multiple changes, like becoming dry or being impacted by skin diseases like eczema or psoriasis.
As we grow older, our bodies produce fewer lipids to retain moisture in our skin, leading to lower hydration levels and causing barrier disruption. In addition, it triggers inflammatory responses like itching or flaking and intense sensitivity.
By ensuring adequate hydration, the right products can help protect your skin and keep it minimally reactive to external irritants.

Dry skin
Lack of moisture is one of the reasons for dry skin, which aggravates skin diseases and conditions like eczema. The common causes of dry skin include frequent hot-water baths, dry and hot climates, harsh chemical-heavy soaps, and exposure to intense sunlight. Chronic itch (that lasts longer than six weeks) due to dryness may indicate skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.
To combat dry skin and itchiness, moisturize while reducing shower time, avoid extreme temperatures (hot or cold), limit using alkaline soaps, and wear loose clothing.

Chemical agents
Itchiness (a common symptom of skin diseases) is often caused by irritating particles in the air, such as chemicals, dust, or pollen. Chemical agents are notorious for inflaming the skin and triggering an unpleasant itch. Some of the common agents include:

• Nickel (commonly found in stainless steel and other jewels)
• Artificial fragrances in deodorants, body sprays, and lotions
• Household products, including floor cleaners and detergents
• Beauty products such as hair dye, cosmetics, sunscreens, and moisturizers
• The latex used in gloves, condoms, balloons, and baby bottles

Renal diseases
Renal diseases (or kidney diseases), like uremia, can be a troubling and debilitating group of ailments. One challenging symptom of this burdensome condition is itchy skin, ranging from mild to severe.
Uremia is a widespread illness caused by highly damaged kidneys that cannot filter poisons from the body. The back, limbs, and belly are the most typically affected areas. When someone is suffering from renal dysfunction, their ability to regulate nitrogen-rich substances and other minerals is interrupted, leading to dryness in the outer layers of the skin.
Seeking medical advice and attempting topical solutions are two popular choices for patients struggling with itchy skin due to renal diseases.

Hormones
Hormonal fluctuations are more predominant in women than men. Itchy skin can be an incredibly frustrating and uncomfortable experience that often occurs during hormonal changes like puberty and pregnancy. Our bodies are complex systems of hormones, so these imbalances can lead to inflammation, which manifests as itchy skin.
While certain moisturizers and lifestyle changes can help with the itchiness, addressing the root cause of your hormone imbalance is critical to genuinely finding relief from this symptom. Therefore, you must talk to a dermatologist if the symptoms persist.

Daily lifestyle
Factors such as food choices, stress, exercise, environmental allergens, and emotional states can play a role in causing itchy skin. Some lifestyle factors that can trigger itchy skin conditions are as follows.

• Inadequate consumption of dietary fibers leads to the poor gut microbiota, which fails to regulate skin inflammation.
• Frequent consumption of junk or processed foods promote inflammatory reactions.
• Inadequate sleep or erratic sleeping habits decrease the melatonin production required for healthy skin.
• High consumption of chocolates, crisps, and nuts causes itchy skin as they contain high levels of nickel.

Changing your meal plans or avoiding certain foods may help relieve the discomfort. Unfortunately, some stress-related itching cannot be avoided, so focusing on relaxation techniques and reducing stress levels is essential. However, exercise should be done in moderation to ensure that the body’s temperature doesn’t become too hot, which could cause excessive sweating and further irritation.

Systemic conditions
Several conditions in your internal organs may cause changes in body blood content, reflected in dry skin. Systemic diseases that cause itchy skin (and, possibly, a skin disease) include:

• Chronic renal failure
• Hepatitis
• Cholestasis of pregnancy
• Extrahepatic biliary obstruction
• Iron deficiency
• Hyperthyroidism
• Diabetes mellitus
• Hypothyroidism
• Blood cancer

Wrapping up
Various factors can cause itchy skin, including contact dermatitis, dry skin, allergies, or skin diseases. Thankfully, there are many ways to treat itchy skin and prevent it from happening in the first place. Look for signs of early onset of a severe medical condition like diabetes or cancer, and check with a dermatologist if you’re experiencing recurring symptoms. With knowledge comes power, so keep these tips in mind when dealing with itchy skin or any skin disease!

Transforming your backyard can be an exciting project. You could create a hangout spot, install sculptures, or even add a garden. However, adding plants to a backyard can require considerable time and effort. If you are taking up gardening for the first time, you do not want to miss key steps that affect the look of the space. So, to help you get started, here are a few gardening mistakes and how to avoid them:

Planting excessively
You may spend immense amounts of time scrolling through seed catalogs and looking forward to fresh vegetables and sometimes can end up planting too much. A big garden may require a lot of effort and can become overwhelming. So, if you have just taken up gardening, start small. First, shortlist your five favorite vegetables and herbs, and grow them. As you have some success with these plants, introduce new seeds to the space to gradually expand the garden space.

Planting too early
Seeds require an optimum temperature to sprout and grow. If some seeds thrive in warmer temperatures, the yield may freeze and die if you try to grow them in spring. The seed may also rot without sprouting. So, you must check what climates are suitable for each type before spreading them across the garden. One of the best ways to avoid planting earlier than required is to buy a good soil thermometer and note the usual first and last frost dates in your area to avoid this period for starting a garden.

Overlooking the soil type
Another mistake to avoid is planting seeds without checking whether the soil is loamy. If your backyard does not have loamy soil—rich in silt, clay, sand, and organic matter—the seeds will get sufficient nourishment, and the saplings may grow weak and perish quickly. So, before you start a garden, ensure you amend the soil to make it ideal for plant growth. For instance, clay-heavy soil may need additional sand and organic matter to reduce compaction. A sandy composition may require well-rotted manure or compost to improve moisture retention and nutrients.

Adding too much nitrogen
Plants require nitrogen to produce chlorophyll. However, avoid adding too much of this gas to the soil, as it may make the yield leggy and leafy. The additional foliage may affect the roots and prevent them from growing and spreading at a normal rate. This may lead to the plants producing little or no fruit and becoming susceptible to damage from insects and diseases. Further, the introduction of excess nitrogen may trigger a spike in mineral salts, which could make the plants look sunburned. So, if you have just started tilling the soil for your garden, ensure that you add nitrogen based on the plant’s requirements. You can speak to an expert or contact a nursery about how much nitrogen to introduce to the soil for a particular variety of seeds.

Underwatering the soil
Planting seeds and fertilizing the soil are the first steps in building a garden. You also need to water the patch regularly to ensure the seeds sprout and grow well. Failing to water the garden, especially in hotter temperatures, can lead to the plants not getting enough nourishment. One way to check whether the garden needs to be watered is the finger test. If the garden is loamy, stick your finger 2 inches into the soil; if it feels moist, it does not need to be watered. For sandy soil, follow the same princess but go two inches lower. With clay, if the fingers cannot easily move 2 inches into the soil, it may require water.

Overwatering the soil
Adding too much water to the soil can also affect the growth of plants. The excess water could end up waterlogging the roots, which may prevent them from getting sufficient oxygen. If you see plants starting to wilt, it could be a sign of overwatering. Further, many plant types may wilt in the daytime and revive when the temperature gets cooler in the evening; here, you do not need to water them. One of the best ways to avoid overwatering and improve root growth is by watering deeply but less often.

Choosing the wrong type of plants
While certain types of plants may look good or bear fruits that you enjoy, they may not thrive in your region. So, before you choose seeds for your garden, you should consider a few factors:

– Check the hardiness zones so that you can plant seeds that thrive in your area.
– Plants that require lots of moisture may not grow well in areas prone to droughts. Further, plants that do not require lots of water may not thrive in a region where it rains regularly.
– Seeds that have a long maturation date may not grow and produce well where the shorter gardening seasons.

Not hiring a professional
Another error you could make is not hiring a professional to help you with your gardening needs. As it is your first time trying to create a garden, seeking the advice of an expert or hiring one to do the job could help you learn about the process. Further, it is essential to look for reliable gardening contractors in your area, as they would be well-versed in aspects like soil requirements, climate, and types of plants that could grow in that region. Top providers, like TruGreen, earlier known as ChemLawn, offer services in most states, so you can find a professional near you. The company offers services such as root zone fertilization, insect and mite control, and disease control. TruGreen also provides handy services, like fertilization and weed control, through its lawn care packages. The company also has expertise in mosquito control and prevention to help you enjoy spending time in your backyard in the summer. You can explore everything there is to know about the brand and look for quotes on its official website.

Atrial fibrillation (Afib) occurs when the usually stable and regular electrical impulses in the heart’s upper chambers (atria) begin firing chaotically, causing them to quiver or twitch (fibrillate). This can cause blood accumulation and clotting in the atria. These clots can reach the lungs through the blood vessels and cause pulmonary embolism or can reach the brain, resulting in a stroke. Let’s look at the forms, signs, and causes of Afib and its treatment options:

Types of atrial fibrillation
Afib can be classified as one or more of these:

First-diagnosed Afib: Regardless of symptoms or the number or length of episodes, this refers to individuals diagnosed for the first time with Afib.

Asymptomatic Afib: This condition is also called silent Afib, given the lack of signs or symptoms. A random electrocardiogram (ECG) could reveal asymptomatic atrial fibrillation.

Paroxysmal Afib: Two or more episodes of the conditions that spontaneously resolve within a week are categorized as paroxysmal Afib.

Persistent Afib: This refers to two or more episodes of atrial fibrillation that last seven days or more.

Long-term persistent Afib: If the condition persists for more than a year, it is referred to as long-term persistent Afib.

Permanent Afib: This is a chronic condition that cannot be managed using common treatment options. So here, the patient and doctor decide to stop treatment to get the heart rate back to normal and begin considering other management options.

Causes and risk factors
Typically, the condition is brought on by coronary artery disease or high blood pressure. Often, atrial fibrillation is triggered by an irregular heartbeat. However, it might occasionally be difficult to determine what triggered such irregularity, and there may be no apparent cause in some cases. In most cases, Afib runs in families, so if one has a family history of the condition, i.e., a close relative has the condition, the likelihood of developing the condition increases. Further, the risk of this kind of rhythm disturbance can be a result of factors like:

Cardiomyopathy
Atherosclerosis—the hardening of the arteries—or coronary artery disease brought on by persistent and uncontrolled high blood pressure
Rheumatic heart disease in children
A heart surgery
Heart diseases
Heart valve dysfunction
Pulmonary embolism
Age
Chronic pulmonary disease and stress on physiological processes

Symptoms
Some people may not experience clear Afib symptoms, while others could experience the following:

Feeling faint or light heart palpitations (a feeling that the heart is beating too hard or skipping a beat)
General weakness that cannot be explained by an apparent cause; a quick heartbeat, or an irregular pulse
Breathlessness, especially when exercising, resulting in inexplicable exhaustion
Finding it more difficult to exercise

Management options
Doctors may recommend one or more of the following methods to treat atrial fibrillation, depending on the severity and type:

1. Prescription options: The initial line of treatment for atrial fibrillation is prescription options. While these may not treat atrial fibrillation, they frequently assist in making the symptoms bearable. This could include:

   Controlling the heart rate : During atrial fibrillation episodes, slowing down or regulating the heart rate can significantly relieve the symptoms. Prescription options are recommended by doctors to regulate heart rate during bouts of atrial fibrillation.

   Stroke prevention : Patients with a high risk of stroke may be prescribed blood thinners, and other prescriptions may be recommended for those at a lower risk. Devices or surgical options that could eliminate the cause of the stroke may also recommend to patients.

   Controlling the heart rhythm : Afib events can be avoided by maintaining the heart’s rhythm in the normal sinus rhythm, i.e., the healthy state. For low-risk patients, prescriptions referred to as antiarrhythmic options can help manage cardiac rhythm.

2. Catheter ablation: Here, the doctors may carefully remove portions of the heart tissue. In this minimally invasive operation, doctors focus on eliminating the source of the faulty electrical signals or rerouting the signals that are causing irregularities in the heartbeat. Typically, thin, flexible wires (catheters) are inserted into a vein to the heart. The wire’s tips have electrodes that transmit radio waves, which produce heat and damage the chosen cardiac tissue to stop the abnormal signals in the heart.
3. Left atrial appendage closure: People with A-fib who are unable to use blood-thinning treatment options can reduce their risk of blood clots and stroke with LARIAT surgery. Here, the doctor threads a catheter with a suture to the heart. The left upper chamber is then closed, and as a result, blood clots cannot leave the chamber and travel to the brain, where they could cause a stroke. The LARIAT procedure is carried out by making tiny punctures in the skin as opposed to standard surgical procedures, thereby enabling quicker recovery and lower risk of problems.

4. Surgical procedures: Some people benefit from surgery, in addition to prescription options and catheter ablation. For those with the conditions listed below, the “traditional” or “cut and sew” MAZE treatment is a surgical option. It is usually recommended when:
   
   Despite other treatments, atrial fibrillation symptoms persist
   One experiences serious symptoms
   One requires surgery for a valve or a coronary artery bypass graft
   One has a heart attack

   The MAZE method places electrical barriers or blocks in the atria, the upper heart chambers, which reroute the aberrant electrical signals from the heart that cause atrial fibrillation and restore regular heart rhythm. A heart-lung bypass machine is used during this open-heart surgery, which is conducted by making a sternotomy incision in the patient’s chest.

5. Pacemaker: A pacemaker may be helpful for persons with certain heart rhythm issues, especially when the heart pumps too slowly. A pacemaker is a tiny, battery-operated device that administers modest electrical impulses to the heart, assisting it in establishing regular, efficient beats. Permanent pacemakers are placed in the chest using local anesthesia and non-invasive surgery. The doctor will make a tiny incision in the wall of the chest just below the collarbone, after which cables (called leads) are inserted into the upper chest and reach the heart.

One of the top reasons for low vision and blindness in people over 55 is macular degeneration. Macular degeneration causes loss of vision due to damage to the macula in the retina of the eye. It can be difficult for people with this condition to live in inaccessible homes. So, to ensure ease of maneuverability for people with macular degeneration or similar conditions, here are 13 tips to make a home low-vision friendly.

Use clear and contrasting colors for walls
The key to making a low-vision-friendly home is using light and dark colors. Dark colors can be complex for those with low vision, but if used intelligently, it can make all the difference. The answer lies in how light reflects off certain surfaces. If you have a bright yellow wall with black trim around it, then any space adjacent to it will be illuminated by daylight coming through windows above them. Contrasting shades like white or black help keep things cooler by reflecting out more heat than they receive from direct sunlight.

Place essential items in your line of sight
Ensure that important items, such as mobility aids, phones, and other necessities, are within your line of sight and not obscured by something else in the room. Use a magnifying glass or lamp to help you see things.  Also, try placing things exactly where they need to be instead of trying for an open space like an empty shelf.

Create a unique work area for yourself
Make a unique work area for yourself that you are familiar with. Keep your work area well organized and clean, and make sure you have enough space to work comfortably. Also, note that you have enough light, especially if you are working on small pieces of paper or pictures that need to be read clearly.

Use good lighting
Good lighting is essential to a low-vision-friendly home. It allows you to see clearly and it reduces the glare, making it easier for your eyes to adjust. Use natural light in addition to artificial light; you should use both types of lighting throughout the day, especially if there are windows near where you spend most of your time. The best way to do this is by using lamps or ceiling lights that provide both types of illumination (such as fluorescent bulbs). Another tip is to combine incandescent bulbs with LED bulbs – They produce warm tones with more natural-looking light than CFLs or LEDs. However, they can be more expensive because they often require replacement after about ten years.

Use the correct font size for signage
When it comes to reading signage, font size is critical. It must be large enough to see clearly and understand what is on the sign without straining your eyes. Some fonts may need to be larger and bolder for one to read them without glasses or contacts. Use serif fonts like Arial or Times New Roman instead of sans serifs like Helvetica Neue or Georgia, and choose a larger font size than 12 points.

Label cabinets, cupboards, and drawers with braille labels
Label cabinets, cupboards, and drawers with braille labels. Braille labels are easy to read and inexpensive. They typically come in different sizes and colors to suit your needs.

Try talking devices to help you do things around the house
You can also consider voice-activated devices to help you do things around the house. For example, if you need to take a shower or do other household tasks with ease, it is essential that your device is easy to use and can provide clear audio feedback. Make sure the device has been approved by your doctor, and check out their website for more information on how they work.

Put up rubber mats in a bathtub or shower
If you have low vision, it is vital to put up rubber mats in the bathroom and kitchen, basically any area with the risk of a slippery floor. To be twice as cautious, place anti-skid mats in your entrance way too.

Install cane-detectable barriers at staircases
You can install cane-detectable barriers at the top and bottom of your stairs to make sure that people who use canes know where they are. Cane-detectable barriers are usually made of plastic, so they will not damage floors or walls if they fall.

Avoid clutter in an open area or room
Clutter can make it difficult to find things. This will make life more challenging for those with advanced macular degeneration or other low-vision issues. Also, any clutter can be dangerous for those who walk around with their eyes closed—people who are visually impaired may not realize something is in front of them until they bump into it head-on. This may lead to further issues like bruises, sprains, or even a concussion.

Opt for contrasting colors and textures whenever possible
Rather than picking a monochromatic scheme for your rooms, opt for contrasting colors and textures that can help you differentiate between things. If your furniture is dark-colored, pick a light color for the wall. If you have chosen a smooth finish for your cupboards and cabinets, pick a textured wall or large accent pieces. These tips will give you a better look at things and make them easier to see. You can also ensure that any small appliances and electronics are bright colored if the shelves are dark and vice versa.

Having a guide dog or pet
Dogs are a great help for people with low vision. They can help you find things quickly, get around the house, and communicate with others. Guide dogs can be trained to do many things, such as finding items, walking on a leash or leading you through your home, and turning lights on and off.

Prepare for emergencies
As an individual with macular degeneration and related issues, it is crucial to build a network of people who can come to your aid if needed. Get to know your neighbors and have a plan in place for what to do in case of an emergency. Keep an emergency first aid kit at home, with extra supplies such as bandages, gauze pads, and tweezers on hand, and be sure you have the address of your closest hospital handy. Also, keep a list of essential phone numbers convenient (like 911) and names and contact information for people who can help in an emergency—friends or family members who live nearby!

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), also known as wet AMD, is a condition that causes vision loss in the center of the retina. The disease can be caused by high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, and other factors. Age-related macular degeneration does not affect a person’s eyesight overnight but progresses over time. However, diagnosing it early is essential for keeping one’s baseline vision intact. This article debunks 10 common myths about the condition. Read on to know more.

Dry AMD is easier to treat than Wet AMD
Patients with dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) can see improvement within just one month after starting a new treatment plan. Many people think dry AMD is more difficult to treat than wet AMD, but the opposite is true. While both forms of the disease can cause vision loss and blindness if left untreated, dry AMD does not require surgery or prescription treatment as frequently as it does for those with wet AMD.

One will know right away if they have AMD
The truth is that most patients with AMD do not know they have it. Generally, at the initial stages, it creates only minor vision changes or shows no symptoms at all. It is only at a later stage, when the vision starts getting worse, does a person realize that something is wrong with their eyesight. For this reason, it is suggested that one must get their eyes checked regularly to keep their health in check. 

Nothing can be done to prevent the progression of AMD
Many believe that there is nothing that can be done to manage AMD. However, this is not true. Making a few changes in the meal plans and regularly consulting with a doctor can help prolong a person’s vision. It is best to consume more leafy vegetables and oily fish for the extra nutrients required for good eyesight. 

If a person has a family history of wet AMD, they will get it too
Family history does not guarantee that a person will get AMD. There are several factors, such as advancing age, genes, cholesterol levels, and blood pressure, that are responsible for AMD development.

All AMD progresses at the same rate
While it is true that AMD progresses at the same rate for most people, there are exceptions. The rate of progression varies from person to person and can be accelerated or slowed by factors like meal plans or genetics. AMD is not a disease that progresses linearly; it is more like an onion with layers of complications, each layer adding to a person’s symptoms as they age. At the core of this, onion is those two leading causes: age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which affects dry eyes and cataracts, as well as wet AMD (wet AMD being more common among those over 60 years old), which causes blood vessels in the eye to leak fluid into them (known as clouding).

Consuming carrots can improve vision
Carrots are one of the most popular foods in the world. They are suitable for everyone and taste delicious, but no evidence eating carrots can improve a person’s vision. Carrots contain beta-carotene, which helps prevent macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts. Besides carrots, consuming foods rich in vitamins A, C, and E is important. Good nutrition helps protect the eyes from developing drusen, a debris buildup in the innermost layer of the eyes that contribute to AMD. Good nutrition can promote good eye health; however, it is not a cure for AMD or cataracts. 

Dry and wet AMD are entirely different diseases
The most common type of macular degeneration is dry AMD, which is caused by age-related changes in the macula. As a person ages, the retina—the layer behind the eye—becomes more fragile and atrophies. This causes damage to photoreceptors (cells that convert light into electrical impulses), leading to loss of vision. Wet AMD occurs when fluid builds up in or between layers of tissue around blood vessels or nerve fibers in or near the retina. Wet AMD often begins as early as midlife but can develop later in life if it progresses slowly enough for a person not to notice any changes until it is too late.

Young people will not get AMD
You may have heard that AMD is a disease that only affects older people and that young people do not get it. This is not true. Most cases of AMD are diagnosed in adults over 60 years old. However, it is not just older people at risk for developing this condition—anyone can get it at any age. 

Reading in a dimly lit atmosphere will damage the eyes
You may have heard that reading in dim light will damage the eyes. This is absolutely not true. Reading in dim light has nothing to do with age-related macular degeneration. Reading in a dimly lit area can put more stress on a person’s eyes and make the reading experience less enjoyable. Other than this, it does not cause any other harm to a person’s eyes. It is perfectly safe to read in dim light as long as a person is able to read a book or a magazine comfortably.

People with AMD will eventually go blind
Many people give up thinking that any amount of medical treatment will not stop the progress of their AMD condition and that they will eventually go blind. Many rumors lead people to not even go for a checkup or treatment from a certified doctor. Before the advent of advanced medical methods, some people with AMD who gave up hope did indeed go blind. However, many advancements in the ophthalmology field have led to many people being treated properly. 

While there are no easy answers, knowing what risks a person may face as they age and how to protect oneself from the risks is crucial. If you or someone you might know has been diagnosed with AMD, make sure they see an eye doctor who can diagnose and treat this condition. We hope this post helped debunk some common myths around AMD.

Thyroid cancer is the ninth most common cancer in the country. It can occur at any age and affects both men and women. While it is a relatively rare cancer, it is essential to be aware of its signs and symptoms so that it can be diagnosed and treated early. This article will cover the causes, signs, diagnosis, risk factors, treatment options, prevention, and support resources for those dealing with thyroid cancer.

Introduction to thyroid cancer
Thyroid cancer is a kind of cancer that originates in the thyroid gland, a small, butterfly-shaped organ located at the bottom of the neck. The thyroid is a unit of the endocrine system, which produces hormones that regulate several critical bodily functions. In thyroid cancer, abnormal cells in the thyroid rapidly divide and form a tumor.

There are other types of thyroid cancer, including papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic. The most common type is papillary thyroid cancer, which makes up about 80 percent of all thyroid cancers. Follicular thyroid cancer is the other most common type, making up about 10 percent of cases.

Causes of thyroid cancer
There are several risk factors may increase a person’s chances of developing the disease. These include a family history of thyroid cancer, exposure to radiation, specific genetic syndromes, and a food regime high in iodine.

A family history of thyroid cancer increases a person’s risk for the disease. If a person has a parent, sibling, or close relative with thyroid cancer, their risk of developing the disease is higher.

Radiation exposure is also a risk factor for thyroid cancer. People who, in the past, have had radiation therapy to the neck or chest may be at an increased risk, as well as those who have lived in areas with high environmental radiation levels.

Specific genetic syndromes can also increase the risk of thyroid cancer. These include familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an inherited condition that increases the risk of various cancers, multiple endocrine neoplasias (MEN) syndromes, and genetic disorders that can cause various endocrine tumors.

Finally, regularly eating foods high in iodine can also increase the risk of thyroid cancer. Iodine helps the thyroid produce hormones, and too much can lead to an overproduction of hormones, which can cause tumors to form.

Symptoms of thyroid cancer
The most prevalent symptom of thyroid cancer is a lump or nodule in the neck. These lumps are usually painless and can be felt through the skin. Other symptoms of thyroid cancer include difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, a persistent cough, and voice changes.

In some cases, there may be not be any symptoms at all. This is why knowing the risk factors and getting regular check-ups to screen for the disease is essential.

Diagnosis of thyroid cancer
If a person has symptoms that suggest they may have thyroid cancer, they will usually undergo a physical examination, imaging tests, and a biopsy.

During a physical examination, the doctor will feel for lumps or nodules in the neck. They may also order imaging tests such as an ultrasound or CT scan to get a better look at the thyroid and surrounding tissues. The doctor will usually recommend a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis if a lump or nodule is found. A tissue sample is taken from the thyroid during a biopsy and sent to a lab for testing. This is the only way to diagnose thyroid cancer definitively.

Risk factors for thyroid cancer
As mentioned above, there are several risk factors for thyroid cancer. These include a family history of thyroid cancer, exposure to radiation, specific genetic syndromes, and a food regime high in iodine.

Other risk factors include being female and having a weak immune system. Women have more chances to develop thyroid cancer than men, and those with a weakened immune systems are more likely to develop the disease.

Treatment options for thyroid cancer
The treatment of thyroid cancer depends on the type and stage of the disease. Surgery is recommended as the first line of treatment, followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy.

Surgery is used to remove the cancerous cells from the thyroid gland. Depending on the type of cancer, the entire thyroid may need to be removed or just part of it. Radiation therapy kills any cancerous cells that may remain after surgery. It can also reduce the size of tumors and relieve symptoms.
Chemotherapy kills cancer cells that may have spread to other body parts. It is usually used in combination with other treatments.

Prevention and early detection of thyroid cancer
The best way to prevent thyroid cancer is to know about the risk factors and get regular check-ups to screen for the disease. Those with a genetic history of thyroid cancer should be vigilant and screened regularly.

In addition, limiting exposure to radiation and avoiding iodine-rich foods can help reduce the risk of developing thyroid cancer.

If you experience thyroid cancer symptoms, it is crucial to get checked out by a doctor as soon as possible. Early detection is critical for successful treatment.

Coping with thyroid cancer
Diagnosing and treating thyroid cancer can be a complex process. It is normal to feel overwhelmed and scared. It is very vital to remember that you are not alone, and many resources are available to help you cope.

Speaking to a trusted friend or family member can be a relieving way to express your feelings and get support. You can also join a support group or talk to a mental health professional.

Support resources for thyroid cancer
There are many support resources available for those diagnosed with thyroid cancer. The American Cancer Society (ACS) offers a variety of resources and support groups for those dealing with the disease.

The Thyroid Cancer Survivors’ Association (ThyCa) is another excellent resource. They offer information, support, and guidance to those with thyroid cancer.

Thyroid cancer is a relatively rare but severe type of cancer. It is very crucial to know about the signs and symptoms and get regular check-ups to screen for the disease. If you are diagnosed with the condition, it is advisable to check out potential support therapies to help deal with the psychological and emotional aspects of the disease.

Eczema is a skin disease marked by flaky, red, itchy patches that can be quite uncomfortable and may bleed. People with eczema or other skin diseases should be cautious when using cleansers, such as soaps and body wash. The condition can worsen with use of harsh soaps and detergents, since they will further aggravate the flare-up. To keep the symptoms under control, you can use a mild, skin-friendly soap and avoid chemical irritants.

Tips for finding the right soap if you have eczema
While it’s important to use soaps that won’t irritate the skin or aggravate eczema, finding the most suitable one for your skin might be challenging. Here are the six most important tips for finding the right soap when dealing with eczema or other skin diseases:

Avoid fragrances and other harsh chemicals
Usually, people with eczema may find that their skin responds best to mild skincare items devoid of preservatives and perfumes. The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology suggests using soap-free cleansers. The substance that causes soap to froth, sodium lauryl sulfate, is likely absent from several of these cleansers. Many soaps’ detergents, such as sodium lauryl sulfate, rob the skin of its natural oils, causing tightness and itchiness. People with eczema or skin diseases should carefully read the labels on soaps and cleansers to avoid such chemicals.

Ingredients to avoid
Here are a few ingredients that should be avoided in your soap if you have eczema or other skin diseases:

Allergens
You should seek out items devoid of artificial fragrances because these can be allergens.

Alkaline
While many soaps have balanced pH levels or levels of acidity, you should still look for alkaline soaps because acidic alternatives might weaken the skin’s protective barrier and raise pH levels.

Deodorant
Since deodorant soaps typically contain skin-irritating components, you should avoid using them.

Dye
You should avoid soaps containing artificial or added colors since they may cause allergies.

Harsh soaps
Salicylic acid, propylene glycol, and formaldehyde are a few chemicals that may aggravate symptoms of eczema or related skin diseases.

Products that have received endorsements from associations like the NEA may be more suited for people with eczema or other skin diseases.

Glycerin
Glycerin is an element that works as a humectant, a chemical that retains moisture, to counteract the drying effects of soap. Most soaps and lotions contain humectants. Your skin actively absorbs moisture thanks to glycerin. You may have observed that natural soap appears to “sweat”; this is because glycerin, which is present in high concentrations in soaps, absorbs moisture from the air. The skin gets moisturized in the same way. Even though many naturally manufactured soaps contain glycerin, it’s important to remember that natural soaps are only a smart choice if they aren’t highly fragranced, to fight skin diseases.

Syndet
Human skin typically has a pH between 4 and 6, whereas soap typically has a pH between 9 and 10. Due to this difference, traditional soap may cause the skin’s pH to rise to a level that aggravates eczema or other skin disease symptoms. It is advised to use solid washing bars containing synthetic detergent, or syndet for short, to prevent the aggravation. Non-soap detergents are the main component of syndet bars. Syndets feature a neutral or slightly acidic pH, making them less abrasive to the skin than regular soaps. Due to their mildness and moisturizing qualities, syndet bars are suitable for cleansing dry, eczema-prone skin. Syndet lessens the severity of eczema lesions, preserves hydration, and enhances the general state of the skin. This experiment investigated the advantages of gentle washing with syndet for people with eczema.

Avoid sodium lauryl sulfate
Sulfates, like syndet, are surfactants that draw water and oil. They are often used as foaming agents in soaps, shampoos, and detergents. One specific type of sulfate is sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). Sulfates are effective in cleaning; however, they can also deplete the skin of its natural oils. This causes dry skin, irritation, and allergic responses. Therefore, choosing sulfate-free soaps (or SLS-free soaps) for skin prone to skin diseases may be a smart option.

Consult a doctor
Choosing the right type of soap for your skin might be challenging, with the long lists of restricted elements, contradictory recommendations, and false advertisements. Since every person’s skin is unique, it will react differently to various soaps. As a result, what treats eczema for one person may not work well for another.

Additionally, eczema or skin diseases might alleviate or aggravate with time, making some products less useful in the long run. For advice on cleansers, you must speak to a dermatologist. You can choose the best products after considering various factors like your skin type and the type and level of eczema symptoms, etc. If you have a strong allergic reaction to a substance or if your eczema exhibits infection-related symptoms like pus production, you should seek immediate assistance from a dermatologist. 

Best natural soaps for eczema
The following are some of the best soaps with natural ingredients for alleviating eczema:

Shea butter soap
This soap contains, in addition to shea butter, plant oils like coconut and olive oil and essential oils like lavender and tea tree oil. Shea butter is rich in antioxidants and fatty acids, helping moisturize dry, itchy skin brought on by eczema flare-ups.

Aloe vera soap
Aloe vera, which contains anti-inflammatory and therapeutic characteristics, works wonders to moisturize dry skin and lessen the redness brought on by eczema flare-ups.

Oatmeal soap
Oatmeal soap can help exfoliate the skin and reduce eczema-related itchiness and burning. Being a natural cleaner, oatmeal helps remove dirt, bacteria, and other pollutants from the skin, alleviating eczema symptoms.

Goat milk soap
As a mix of lactic acid, natural lipids, proteins, vitamins A and D, and minerals, goat milk soap helps soothe sensitive skin irritated with rashes. Its moisturizing qualities aid in hydrating your skin and lessen the scaliness that frequently accompanies dermatitis.

Pure coconut oil soap
People with eczema may find this soap helpful. Because pure oil contains a lot of hydrating lauric acid, it is a great option for people with extremely dry skin. Additionally, it possesses antibacterial and anti-inflammatory qualities that could lessen flare-ups.

Summing up
In conclusion, choosing the right soap for eczema can be a challenge. It’s important to understand the ingredients, types of soap, and potential eczema triggers. You must speak to your dermatologist to find the right products for your skin type that can help reduce irritation. With accurate products and a proper skincare routine, you can find relief and hopefully manage your eczema symptoms.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, neurological condition. Doctors have yet to identify the cause of inflammation but attribute it to a complex link between genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. About 2.8 million people in the world were affected by MS in 2020, the number continues to increase worldwide. The condition can lead to loss of vision, immobility, chronic pain, muscle weakness, and other complications.

How does MS develop?
The function of the nerve cells in the body is to send and receive signals from the brain. Each nerve cell has three parts: the soma or cell body, the axon or the cell trunk, and the dendrites. Together they transport the nutrients necessary for the nerve cells, convert signals into electric impulses, and send them throughout the body. The organs and limbs receive these signals, make changes, and respond accordingly. A myelin sheath is a sleeve or a protective covering around nerve cells made of lipids, proteins, and fats. Multiple sclerosis occurs when our immune system becomes faulty and mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath in the brain and spinal cord. This damages the myelin or causes lesions, plaque, or sclerosis, disrupting the process of transferring a message from the nervous system. So, the communication from and to the nervous system breaks down. The messages from the cells now may be slow or inaccurate, or the recipient’s body parts may ignore them completely.

Warning signs
MS is a progressive condition more likely to affect women than men. Here, the damage to the nervous system gradually worsens. While some may experience one or two major symptoms, others may experience more. The severity of the symptoms also fluctuates from mild to severe, with periods of remission in between. Though there is no cure yet, with proper treatment, rehabilitation therapies, and lifestyle changes, one can manage the symptoms and live an active life. Recognizing the sudden and abnormal changes can help in the early identification of MS. Early treatment can prevent serious health complications like high blood sugar, bone loss, fractures, kidney problems, frequent bruising, and reduced adrenal gland function. A few early signs are:

Muscles stiffness and spasticity
Spasticity is when the muscle tone increases abnormally. It causes stiffness and pain and makes movement difficult. It can also lead to sudden spasms and jerks in the arms and legs. Other symptoms include the involuntary crossing of legs, muscle fatigue, and sudden development of deformities.

Problems with vision
MS is an inflammatory condition that can affect any nerve cell. If it affects the eye’s optic nerve, the inflammation may cause pain and redness. It typically affects only one eye; one can experience blurred or cloudy vision, double or poor vision, or an inability to see color. If untreated, the eyesight can deteriorate, leading to early cataracts or vision loss.

Pain
People with MS may feel aches associated with muscle stiffness and spasms and experience pain while moving an eye. Each person may experience different forms of mild or severe pain, interfering with their ability to carry out daily activities. The pain may be dull for some, while others may feel a squeezing, crushing, stabbing, or shocking sensation. Pins and needles or a tingling sensation are also common signs. Some may feel pain in their muscles and joints caused by muscle stiffness.

Lack of balance
The disruption in the communication process may cause a delay in the way messages are sent, processed, and received. Some messages may be incomplete or inaccurate. Consequently, different body parts may not be able to work together in sync. This causes a loss of balance, swaying gait, and inability to maintain posture. Some may not be able to feel the floor and misjudge their steps. Lack of balance can lead to frequent trips and falls, even while walking on even grounds.

Fatigue
Mild or severe fatigue without an apparent cause can be an early sign of MS. Fatigue may worsen through the day and affect the ability to carry out daily activities. Lack of bladder control is another symptom of MS, which may keep one from having a good night’s sleep. Symptoms like pain, confusion, and mood changes may also lead to depression, preventing them from sleeping and adding to fatigue.

Relapsing multiple sclerosis
New treatments have improved the prognosis for people with MS, improving their quality of life and helping them manage the symptoms. For some patients, the symptoms may flare up or recur after treatment. Between the episodes of flare-ups, one can go through periods of remission without experiencing any of the typical MS symptoms. This type of MS is called relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Most people initially experience relapsing multiple sclerosis, and it may take quite some time, a decade or more, for the pattern of symptoms to change. Doctors diagnose the condition as RRMS if the symptoms last for at least 24 hours, during which they also worsen. The relapses are followed by a period of remission where some or most symptoms completely disappear. The symptoms of RRMS include sensitivity to heat and humidity, vision problems, numbness and tingling in the feet, weakness, fatigue, confusion, frequent urination, incontinence, and balance issues leading to falls.

Diagnosis and management
A neurologist will recommend multiple tests to rule out other diseases before confirming MS. They will conduct a detailed physical examination to check for vision and balance problems. They may also ask for brain and spine MRIs to locate the damage and functions affected. In a technique called “visual evoked potentials”, painless electrodes are attached to the scalp to measure the brain’s response to the objects one sees. Doctors may also do a spinal tap to check for abnormalities in the spinal fluid.

The goal of treatment for regular or relapsing multiple sclerosis is to reduce inflammation and the severity of symptoms and slow the disease progression, for which doctors may recommend prescription options. They may also recommend plasmapheresis—a procedure to cleanse the blood. Mobility devices like canes or walkers to maintain balance can also help.